Theories and Styles

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1. Bloom’s Taxonomy
   General information, with links or bibliographies included.
• Benjamin Bloom
  .PDF article on the man and his works.
• Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy
  Everything from an introduction to the theory, poster sets, activities based on the taxonomy in areas such as Mathematics, Science & Christmas, matrices, planning sheets and more. Many available as .pdf downloads. A Queensland school’s presentation.
  Highly Recommended !
• Bloom’s Taxonomy [1]
  Yahoo Directory with annotated links.
• Bloom’s Taxonomy [2]
  Learning Domains and Bloom’s Taxonomy.
• Ferl - From Theory to Practice Understanding Pedagogy
  Bloom’s Taxonomy, teaching styles and learning styles.
• Major Categories in the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
  Literature, links.
2. Cooperative Learning
   Information with links or bibliographies, articles.
• Collaborative V Cooperative Learning
• Cooperative and Collaborative Learning
  ‘In this [ ] we’ll focus specifically on how this technique for using small, cooperative groups in education can help improve learning in your class. Then you can proceed from CONCEPT TO CLASSROOM as you begin to apply new ideas to your lessons.’
• Cooperative Learning [1]
  ӝAn Overview of Cooperative Learning.’
• Cooperative Learning [2]
  Introduction, three sections covering Why use Cooperative Learning ?, Elements of Cooperative Learning and Class Activities that use Cooperative Learning and a brief bibliography.
• Cooperative Learning, What is ?
  Information and articles from The Cooperative Learning Centre at the University of Minnesota.
• Cooperative Learning in the Secondary School
• Cooperative Learning Network, The
• Cooperative Learning : Response to Diversity
• Ted’s Learning eBook
  Also much more, from this site.
3. Constructivism
   Information with links or bibliographies.
• Constructivism and the Five E’s
  Brief rundown then goes to seven E’s.
• Constructivist Theory
  Yahoo Directory, annotated links.
• emTech
  [Constructivism, Instructivism and Related Sites]
  Annotated links to other sites.
4. De Bono, Edward
   Information about De Bono and lateral & creative thinking.
• Critical Thinking Resources
  Tertiary level.
• Edward de Bono - Biography
• How Creative and Lateral Thinking Techniques Work
  Article.
• Lateral Thinking
  Overview, links, references.
• Lateral Thinking and Creative Thinking Techniques
• Serious Creativity
  Commercial site. Access works and programs.
• Space for Ideas - Ideas Essays - Edward De Bono
  ‘He argues passionately that businesses need to treat creativity as seriously as they treat capital, labour, machinery and IT.’ .PDF article.
5. Dewey, John :
• Centre for Dewey Studies
  Publications, papers, audio, reading list and more.
• John Dewey and Informal Education
  Basic information.
• John Dewey and the F.M. Alexander Technique
  Another aspect of Dewey’s influence and interest.
• Pragmatism Archive
  Dewey was considered one of the classic pragmatists.
6. Freire, Paulo :
• Paulo Freire [1]
  Biography, links, books, articles.
• Paulo Freire [2]
  Biography plus extensive bibliography [in multiple languages] and links to related sites.
• Paulo Freire and Informal Education
  Further reading and reference, contributions, links.
• Paulo Freire’s Educational Theory
  Plain, but reasonably extensive, textual presentation of several of these. Also has links and bibliography.

1. Gardner, Howard
   Also see the section on Multiple Intelligences below.
• Howard Gardner, Multiple Intelligences and Education
  Information including posed questions about further intelligences.
• Howard Gardner
  Profile.
• Howard Gardner [2]
  Includes, biography, FAQs, books, papers, links and more.
• How Technology Enhances …
  [Howard Gardner’s Eight Intelligences]
2. Gestalt Theory :
• Gestalt Psychology
  While covering the educational area, this Wikipedia entry goes beyond this into computers, and more.
• Gestalt Theory Resources Centre
  ‘Offers information and links to other resources on the web about Gestalt theory in its original sense as put forward by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, Kurt Koffka, Kurt Lewin and other eminent Gestalt psychologists’.
• Society For Gestalt Theory, The International
  [And Its Applications]
  Covers from ‘What is Gestalt Theory ?’ to an extensive archive of articles and information, links to people linked to the theory and its use, the Gestalt Theory Journal, Resources [including links to areas such as Music, Linguistics, etc.], monthly features and more.
3. General Sites & Portals :
• Australian Capital Territory Department of Education
  [Youth and Family Services - Services and Programs]
  A report on a review of Alternative programs and settings within this education setting. Download a copy in .pdf format.
• Guidelines on Learning
  [That Inform Teaching at UNSW]
  ‘The Guidelines are designed to be used by staff in an active and supported way. They are presented as a Toolkit to help you to reflect on your teaching practice or review your courses and programs with the aim of enhancing student learning. To assist you in implementing the Guidelines, you can also access references and online resources related to each one.’ While designed for tertiary level, they are certainly worth visiting.
• Learning, Performance and Training Definitions
  [Babylon]
  ‘A glossary of terms related to teaching and learning techniques.’ Done in alphabetic groupings.
• Moral Development and Moral Education : An Overview
  ‘Provides an introduction to the main perspectives guiding current work on moral development and education.’
• Opening All Options
  [Education - Teaching and Assessment Strategies]
  Monash University. Working with people with learning disabilities in the tertiary sector.
• Teaching Effectiveness Program, The
  A series of workshops, some individual offerings having already been included.
• … The Current Model of Schooling
  [May more appropriately belong to earlier in the twentieth century]
  Australian paper on pedagogic change in schools and teacher education to better equip teaching and learning for life in the 21st century.
4. Gregorc, Anthony F. :
• Applying What We Know - Student Learning Styles
  The Gregorc model.
• Anthony F. Gregorc, Ph.D.
  Visit his web site to see what he can offer.
• Gregorc Learning Styles
  Information on brain-hemisphere learning styles.
5. Inclusive Education & Classroom
   Some sites are extensively annotated, others simply links.
• Facilitated Communication
• Including Students with Disabilities
  Enter the term into the Search Box and gain appropriate results.
• Inclusion
  [Check Inclusion Resources]
• Inclusion Web Sites
• Inclusive Classroom, Co-teaching the
• Inclusive Education
  Multiple topics relating to this area.
• Promoting Social Development in the Inclusive Classroom
• Teacher Collaboration
  Enter the term into the Search Box and gain the appropriate results.
• The Inclusive Classroom
6. Indigenous Learning :
• Aboriginal Ways of Learning and Learning Styles
  Paper at the AARE Conference in Brisbane in the 1990s.
• Indigenous Learning
  ‘This theme area focuses on research and practice that support indigenous learning.’ Provides multiple exemplars. From TAFE New South Wales.
7. Kolb, David :
• David A. Kolb on Experiential Learning
  Main topics, concerns and other thoughts.
• David Kolb
  [The Theory of Experiential Learning and ESL I-TESL-J]
• Experiential Learning
  [Articles + Critiques of David Kolb’s Theory]
  ‘Explores the development of experiential learning from its original proposal into some of its current refinements and applications.’
• Learning Styles and Experiential Learning
  An article from the University of New South Wales.
8. Learning Styles
   A general introduction. Most provide overviews of styles rather than one particular style. Many link to sites providing information on a particular style.
• Abiator’s Online Learning Styles Inventory
  Tools and information to help understand and use styles.
• Applying What We Know - Student Learning Styles
  Paper giving one person’s views based on the evidence.
• Awesome Library - Learning Styles
  Annotated links to papers, other information.
• EdNA - Learning Styles
  Search results from EdNA.
• e-Learning Centre, Learning Styles
  Annotated links, inventories, articles, questionnaires, etc..
• How Adults Learn
  Overview, bibliography, links.
• Learning Styles [Yahoo]
  Yahoo Directory, annotated links.
• Learning Styles
  Read articles, learn about 50 theories and more.
• Learning Styles - From The Known To The Unknown
  Three major styles.
• Learning Styles - Nurturing the Genius in Each Child
  Modalities, instruments, connections, brain theory and more.
• Learning Styles - Reflections
  Small selection of annotated links.
• Learning Styles at Questia Online Library
  Bibliography of books with access to part of each.
• Learning Styles Resource Page
  Various styles, Learning Style Inventory.
• Learning Theories
  Yahoo Directory, annotated links.
• Learning Theory, Learning Styles
  Information and links about how adults learn.
• Learning Thinking Styles Inventory, The
  ‘A study [ ] to examine the validity of the Learning-Thinking Style Inventory [LTSI] and to investigate the learning and thinking styles of college students in relation to their major and academic performance.’ Available in .pdf format from ERIC.
• OTRNet Web links to Learning Styles Sites
• Teaching & Learning Styles
  Links.
9. Learning Theories
   A general introduction. Most provide overviews of theories rather than one particular theory. Many link to sites providing information on a particular theory.
• About Learning
  ‘Funderstanding’. 12 theories on how people learn.
• Guide to Learning Theories
• Learning-Theories.com
  ‘This knowledge base features learning theories that address how people learn. A resource useful for scholars of various fields such as educational psychology, instructional design, and human-computer interaction. Browse recently updated entries below, or choose a category.’ Be sure to check the Index of Learning Theories & Models.
• Learning Theories [1]
  Links to sites with research on learning.
• Learning Theories [2]
  Yahoo Directory, annotated links.
• Learning Theories [3]
  Links grouped under 5 specific headings. A good collection.
• Learning Theory
  Fundamental information about learning theories.
• Learning Theory Timeline
• Methodologies and Theories
  Links to theories about different learning processes.
• Newer Views of Learning Index
  [Leslie O Wilson]
  ‘While traditional theories of learning encompass a huge array of topics, this particular site strand is devoted to discussions and information on newer innovations in education. Some of the innovations and views included in this site strand are : newer views of intelligence, holistic learning and teaching, brain-based education, as well as suggestions on how to create teaching environments where optimal human learning is supported and nurtured.’
  A related site by the same author is his CreativityIndex.
• Teaching & Learning Theories
  Constructivism, inquiry based learning, instructional design, learning strategies, mastery techniques, Montessori method, problem based learning, various theorists and Waldorf [Steiner].
• Theories, The
  Extensive listing of links to a vast array of learning theories.
• Theory Into Practice [TIP]
  Database of learning theories.

1. MBTI [Myers-Briggs Type Indicator] :
• MyersBriggs.org
  Foundation home. Information about the assessment and more.
• Myers Briggs - Working out your type
  Article.
• Paragon Learning Style Inventory
  Linked closely to the Myers Briggs Type Indicators.
2. Montessori :
• Introduction to Montessori Education
  From the North American Montessori Teachers’ Association.
• Montessori
  ‘The website of the Montessori Foundation and the International Montessori Council.’ Find out all you wanted to know about the Montessori method.
• Montessori Method
  From Wikipedia. Information with embedded links, external links and more.
3. Multiple Intelligences
   An introduction. Many link to other sites providing further information.
• I Think … Therefore … MI !
  [Multiple Intelligences in Education]
  Multiple sections covering everything including criteria, an overview, profiles, domains, MI links, Brain links, unit templates, MI and instruction, lesson templates and a downloadable .pdf file of suggested software among others.
  Well presented !
• Learning Styles & Multiple Intelligences
  Interactive assessment, practical tips on making it work for you.
• Multiple Intelligences
  Yahoo Directory.
• Multiple Intelligences
  Information addressing development of all suggested intelligences in early learning settings. Links.
4. Piaget, Jean :
• A Short Biography of Jean Piaget
• TIP Theories - Genetic Epistemology
• University of Geneva Jean Piaget Archives
  Information, documentation, publications and more.

1. Skinner, B.F. :
• Behaviourism, Social Control, Behavioural Psychology
  Critical review.
• Behaviourism at Questia
  Books, articles and more from the Questia Library.
• B. F. Skinner
  Biography, information on the theory.
• B. F. Skinner Foundation
  Information including publications.
• Research B.F. Skinner at Questia
• TIP Theories - Operant Conditioning
  Extensive material.
2. Spearman, Charles :
• Charles Spearman
  From Wikipedia. Information with embedded links, external links and more.
• Charles Spearman : Behavioral Scientist
  ‘This paper is an outline of the significant achievements of the British Psychologist, Charles Spearman, who was the originator of the classical theory of mental tests, the multivariate statistical method called ‘factor analysis’, and the first comprehensive theory of the intellect.’
• Human Intelligence - Charles Spearman
  A brief introduction to Spearman and his theory.
3. Steiner, Rudolf
   Steiner and his theories, as demonstrated through implementation in Australian Waldorf Schools.
• Rudolf Steiner, About
  Article, links about Steiner, new and old books, collections from his lectures and other written works.
• Rudolf Steiner, An Introduction
  From Wikipedia.
• Rudolf Steiner Archive
  Background on Steiner, elibrary, discussion forums, links, blackboard artistry, bookstore, information from the American Anthroposophical Society.
• Rudolf Steiner ? Who Was
  Article, links to Steiner’s writings and lectures, anthologies and biographies.
• [Rudolf] Steiner Schools in Australia
  the Steiner [Waldorf] schools in Australia.
• Waldorf Answers
  ‘Intending to provide answers about Waldorf education, in depth, that parents and prospective parents may have, and to clear up some of the misconceptions that may exist about Waldorf education. Our intention is to provide a straightforward presentation of the facts about Waldorf education.’
4. Teaching Methods
   A general introduction. Most provide overviews of methods rather than one particular method. Many link to sites providing information on a particular method.
• Guidelines, The
  This is an example of one university’s guidelines for teaching appropriate to that level. It is indicative of what is, and should be, a set of guidelines for quality teaching. These come from the University of New South Wales [Australia].
• Instructional Strategies Online
  [Saskatchewan, Canada]
  ‘Instructional strategies determine the approach a teacher may take to achieve learning objectives. Five categories of instructional strategies and explanation of these five categories can be found within this site.’ They can be found in alphabetical listings, category listings, or as individual topics such as Concept Maps.
• Teaching Methods
  Theories and methodologies.
• Teaching Methods
  Interesting site looking at instructional methods with brief lists of advantages and disadvantages. This is a Second Site.
• Teaching Methods [1]
  Articles, links to backgrounds on various methodologies.
• Teaching Methods : About Learning
  12 learning styles including Constructivism, Social Cognition [Vygotsky], Piaget and Multiple Intelligences.
• Teaching & Learning Methods & Strategies
  University of Arizona. Links for major teaching methods including whole language, cooperative learning, and to examples of learner centred programs
• Teaching Methods [2]
  Annotated listing.
• Teaching Methods : Intute
  Articles, journals, databases, books, educational materials, organisations, mailing lists, research and resources.
• Teaching Methods : Web Resources
  Methods, planning, lesson structures, assessments and more.
  Highly Recommended as a starting point.
• Teaching & Learning Theories
  See details under Learning Theories.
5. Teaching Styles
   A general introduction. Most provide overviews of styles rather than one particular style. Many link to sites providing information on a particular style.
• Centre for Occupation Research and Development
  [Teaching Styles Inventory]
  ‘Designed to examine teachers’ affective learning goals for their students and teaching methods to support their learning goals’.
• Learning & Teaching Styles Research
  [Indigenous Learning]
  .PDF paper.
• OpenHere, Instructional Models
• Pedagogical Issues
  [Australian National Training Authority, Teaching & Learning Styles that Facilitate Online Learning]
• Teaching Models
• Teaching Principles and Practices
• Teaching Styles
  Linked to online learning.
• Teaching Styles in Physical Education.
  [And Mosston’s Spectrum]
6. Transformational Learning :
• A Critical Reflection …
  [On Transformational Learning Practice]
  PDF article from the University of NSW [ADFA]. ‘Reviews and synthesises elements of contemporary thinking in the student-centred paradigm of higher education and learning under the banner of Transformational Learning.’
• The Role of Cognitive Development
  [In Mezirow’s Transformational Learning Theory]
  Access the article in .pdf format. Also related articles, references and other links.
• Subject Sampler
  [Transformational Learning and the Role of Scaffolding]
  Provides activities and links as part of a teacher webquest.
• Transforming Information into Understanding
  A good basic grounding in this aspect. This site has an annual fee in order to gain access.
7. Yahoo Directories :
• Humanistic Education
• Instructional Design
• Theory & Methods
• Theory & Methods - Theorists
8. Vygotsky, Lev :
• Funderstanding - Vygotsky and Social Cognition
  Information on theory and theorist.
• Lev Vygotsky
  Biography, other information.
• Social Development Theory
  Text based presentation on principles and other aspects.
• TIP Theories - Social Development Theory
• Vygotsky Resources
  Annotated links.