GLYCOLYSIS

ACETYL CO-A

KREBS CYCLE

ELECTRON CARRIERS

LINKS
How Cells Work

Gene Mapping Metabolic Pathways - respiration
- glyoxylate cycle

	Produces ATP from the breakdown of glucose
	involves 4 processes glycolysis formation of acetyl Co-A Krebs citric acid cycle electron carrier system

GLYCOLYSIS

	sugar splitting
	a 6-carbon molecule of glucose forms two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid
	releases 4 hydrogen ions
	4 ATP produced

ACETYL COENZYME-A

	each molecule of pyruvic acid forms a 2-carbon molecule of acetic acid
	each molecule of acetic acid combines with Co-A to form a molecule of acetyl Co-A
	2 molecules of carbon dioxide are produced
	releases 4 hydrogen ions

AEROBIC vs ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

	if oxygen is available the acetyl Co-A molecules enter the Krebs cycle
	if oxygen is not available lactic acid is formed

KREBS CITRIC ACID CYCLE

	each molecule of acetyl Co-A enters the Krebs cycle and combines with a 4-carbon molecule (oxaloacetic acid) to form a 6-carbon molecule of citric acid
	in two steps the citric acid (6-carbon) is reduced to a 4-carbon molecule that joins with the next acetyl Co-A carbon dioxide is released at each step
	6 molecules of water are used
	4 molecules of carbon dioxide are produced
	releases 16 hydrogen ions
	2 ATP produced

ELECTRON CARRIER SYSTEM

	hydrogen ions and their electrons, produced by the other stages, are "processed" by a series of electron transfer reactions
	energy is used to synthesis ATP from ADP by transferring the electrons through a series of carriers
	12 molecules of water are produced from oxygen, the hydrogen ions and their electrons
	34 ATP produced